The role of welding parameters in enhancing joint strength and durability for AISI 1040 and 316 steels

This study evaluates the effects of welding parameters, particularly amperage, on the mechanical properties and microstructures of AISI 1040 and AISI 316 steels joined using Electric Arc Welding (EAW), Metal Inert Gas (MIG), and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding techniques. Experimental samples were subjected to tensile, bending, and microhardness tests, followed by microstructural analysis using optical microscopy. The results showed that welding amperage significantly influences tensile and bending strengths, as well as hardness values. For AISI 1040 steel, TIG welding at 100 amperes achieved the highest tensile strength (543 MPa) and bending strength (181 N), while EAW at 70 amperes exhibited the lowest values. For AISI 316 stainless steel, MIG welding at 70 amperes yielded the highest tensile strength (491 MPa), and EAW at 90 amperes demonstrated the highest bending strength (150 N). Microhardness analysis indicated that rapid cooling in surface regions increased hardness. Microstructural examination revealed grain refinement and uniformity at optimal amperages, contributing to improved mechanical properties. The study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate welding parameters to enhance joint performance and weld quality.