Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax

Authors : Hasan Polat, Mehmet Nuri Kolak, İnan Dursun, Yavuz Selim Tarih, Muhammed Zekeriya Gündüz

Pages : 149-157

Doi:10.46810/tdfd.1740537

View : 68 | Download : 130

Publication Date : 2025-12-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Waste beeswax (WB) obtained from various industrial processes has significant potential in terms of recycling and value-added material production. The utilization of such waste not only reduces environmental impact but also enhances economic feasibility by converting waste into valuable products. In this study, the usability of waste beeswax generated from beekeeping activities as an alternative filler in polymer matrix composite systems was investigated. Within a base composite matrix composed of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and crushed stone aggregate (SC), the aggregate was partially replaced by WB at weight ratios of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%. The produced biocomposite samples were subjected to physical and mechanical tests including density, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The results were further evaluated using regression and correlation analyses. The findings revealed that the addition of beeswax reduced the overall density of the composites, thereby contributing to lightweight structures. However, higher beeswax contents led to increased porosity and water absorption, accompanied by a decrease in mechanical performance. Notably, compressive strength and UPV values showed significant reductions at beeswax contents above 10%. In conclusion, the limited use of WB as a filler material appears to be a viable approach for developing environmentally sustainable, cost-effective, and functionally acceptable biocomposite materials.
Keywords : Biocomposite, Physical and mechanical properties, Polymer matrix composite, Sustainable construction materials, Waste beeswax

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