The Role of Values Education in Preventing Peer Bullying: A Theoretical and Literature-Based Analysis

Bullying, which has become increasingly visible in contemporary schools, refers to intentional and repetitive patterns of behavior grounded in a power imbalance that inflict physical or emotional harm on the targeted individual. National and international studies indicate that the rates of both bullying perpetration and victimization among students remain high; this, in turn, increases physical, psychological, sexual, and cyber victimization, reduces academic achievement, and adversely affects psychosocial development. This study examines the definition, types, and prevalence of bullying; its multidimensional effects on students; and the roles of the family, school, peer environment, and media. A qualitative research design was adopted, and document analysis was employed as the data collection method. Findings in the literature reveal a negative correlation between individuals’ value levels and bullying tendencies: as value orientations are strengthened, tendencies toward bullying and violence decrease, whereas in contexts where bullying is intense, value orientations weaken. Accordingly, values education is a critical tool that supports both character development and a sense of social responsibility. In addition to the family and school, teachers’ role-modelling function, the creation of a safe and inclusive school climate, and strong school-family communication serve as protective factors against bullying. The regular monitoring of violence and bullying in schools and a comprehensive assessment of the current situation are essential for developing effective intervention and prevention strategies. In this process, it is important that all stakeholders act in cooperation and in a sustainable manner.