Total Phenolic, Flavonoids Contents, and Antioxidant Activities in The Stems and Rhizomes of Java Cardamom as Affected by Shading and N Fertilizer Dosages

Java cardamom is an herbal medicinal plant known as the \`queen of spices.\` This research aims to determine the influence of shading and nitrogen fertilizer dose on the total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of Java cardamom stems and rhizomes. The study employed a split-plot design with two factors: the level of shading insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(0, 25, 50, and 75%); as the main plot and the dosage of nitrogen insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(N); fertilizer insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(0, 0.9, and 1.36 g polybag-1); as the subplots. Twelve months after planting, the rhizome and stem dried powder were extracted using the sonication-maceration technique with ethanol as the solvent. The 75% shading affected the more outstanding production of total phenolics insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1.65 ± 0.59 mg GAE g-1 DW);, DPPH antioxidant insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(4.95 ± 0.50 µmol TEAC g-1 DW);, and FRAP antioxidant insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(8.94 ± 2.56 µmol TEAC g-1 DW); activities of the rhizomes cultivated with 0 g/polybag N in comparison to the stems of the plants. Contrary to phenolics and antioxidant activities, total flavonoids cultivated at 0% shading with 1.36 g polybag-1 N of the stems increased concentration than the rhizomes. The results indicated that the 75% shading affected the Java cardamom rhizome\`s phenolic content and antioxidant activities.