AN OVERVIEW OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSIONS IN IRAN'S RESIDENTIAL SECTOR: ENERGY TRANSITION AND SUBSIDY POLICIES

Authors : Behnam Ata

Pages : 75-94

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Publication Date : 2024-10-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources has become a critical global issue, particularly in response to climate change. This study aims to analyse the trends in energy consumption and CO2 emissions within Iran\'s household sector. The findings reveal a significant increase in energy consumption in Iran between 2001 and 2019. Despite the household sector\'s heavy reliance on fossil fuels, a shift in fuel consumption patterns can be observed, with a transition from oil to natural gas starting in 2008. Electricity generation in Iran is also predominantly fossil fuel-based, with natural gas playing a major role. This underscores the urgent need to reinforce renewable energy sources to mitigate CO2 emissions from the household sector. Another key factor influencing energy consumption in Iran is the country\'s extensive energy subsidies. The disparity in fuel prices compared to neighbouring countries has also led to fuel smuggling. However, the results show that the twophase subsidy reform plan implemented in 2010 and 2013 did not lead to a reduction in energy consumption. Therefore, further reforms are needed to improve energy equity and reduce CO2 emissions in the household sector.
Keywords : Energy consumption, Subsidy, Household sector, Energy transition, Iran