Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Patterns of Indicator Bacteria in Surface Water Bodies of Kilis

The surface waters contaminated with coliform bacteria having antibiotic and heavy metal resistance have become an increasing public health risk. For this reason, it is aimed to detect the bacterial quality, the frequency of antibiotics, heavy metal resistance, and bioindicator bacteria in surface water sources taken from Kilis. The resistance profile of sixteen bacteria species belonging to class Gammaproteobacteria to standard antibiotics and heavy metal salts was investigated using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion techniques. The various physicochemical parameters such as total dissolved solids insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(TDS);, electrical conductivity insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(EC);, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen amount, and biochemical oxygen demand insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(BOD); of samples were also examined. The total coliform load was recorded as˃1100 insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(MPN);/100 mL and calculated comparatively lower values insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(53insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(MPN);/100 mL); of fecal contamination for both stations. A high level of resistance to clindamycin in a total of 16 strains was observed. Ampicillin insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(56.25%);, cefotaxime insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(37.5%);, and ceftazidime insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(31.25%); followed them. The trends in heavy metal resistance of isolates increased in the order of Cd2+< Pb2+<Mn2+ for an average MIC of 50, 1600, and 3200 µg/mL, respectively. These results express higher anthropogenic activity such as discharge points of industrial and domestic wastewaters which can contribute to microbiological contamination in Kilis surface waters.