Environmental Revenue and Expenditure of Turkish Municipalities: A Perspective From Club Convergence

Authors : Burcu Hiçyilmaz

Pages : 136-144

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Publication Date : 2023-12-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Environmental expenditures and revenues in a country are key measures of long-term development and welfare. The distribution of environmental revenue and expenditure among provinces is critical in evaluating the success of strategies implemented. This study aims to investigate the existence of convergence in municipal environmental expenditures and environmental revenues for this purpose. To this end we employ a club convergence analysis proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007) for 81 provinces of Türkiye over the period between 2001 and 2016. Based on the findings, 81 provinces do not converge to a single steady-state. Despite this, the findings reveal that municipal environmental expenditures are more homogeneous than municipal environmental revenues.
Keywords : Çevresel Gelir, Çevresel Harcama, Belediyeler, Kulüp Yakınsama