INJECTABLE CMC–PVA HYDROGELS WITH DUAL HAEMOSTATIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FOR SOFT TISSUE REPAIR

Authors : Banu Kocaaga, Atakan Meran

Pages : 39-48

Doi:10.22531/muglajsci.1797782

View : 93 | Download : 231

Publication Date : 2025-12-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Injectable hydrogels that adapt to irregular and exudative wound geometries can shorten surgical procedures, enhance patient comfort, and reduce dressing frequency. Here, carboxymethyl-cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CMC–PVA) hydrogels loaded with procaine (PC) were developed as multifunctional wound dressings. Sequential gelation—ionic cross-linking of CMC with Ca²⁺, electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding association of PC, and subsequent PVA incorporation—yields an interpenetrating network exhibiting shear-thinning viscosity and 74% self-healing recovery, ensuring facile syringe extrusion and rapid shape retention. Lap-shear tests revealed adhesive strengths of 0.8–1.1 MPa, while swelling ratios of 40–60 g g⁻¹ maintained tissue contact and hydration. Controlled release achieved 95% PC delivery within 6 h, enabling localized analgesia and 40% DPPH scavenging. Hemolysis was below 5 %, the blood-clotting index decreased from 92 % (control) to 28 %, and fibroblast migration remained unaffected after 48 h. SEM–EDS confirmed homogeneous morphology at moderate PC loading, whereas excessive drug induced microvoids. Experimental findings, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, indicated stiffness values compatible with dermal tissue mechanics. The developed PC-loaded CMC–PVA hydrogels combine injectability, bioadhesion, hemostasis, antioxidant activity, and cytocompatibility, offering a promising platform for soft-tissue regeneration and advanced wound management.
Keywords : Enjekte edilebilir hidrojel, Hemostatik aktivite, Kontrollü salım, Na-CMC, Biyoyapışkanlık

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