SUNFLOWER AND SOIL RESPONSE TO SEVEN YEARS OF TILLAGE, RESIDUE MANAGEMENT AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER

Authors : Ali Reza Safahani LANGEROODI
Pages : 194-202
Doi:10.17557/tjfc.36906
View : 40 | Download : 12
Publication Date : 2015-11-25
Article Type : Research Paper
Abstract :A 7-years insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(2006−2012); field study was carried out at the research station of Baikola, Neka, Iran; the experiment included treatments varying in: insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1); wheat straw management: plus residue insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(+R); and minus residue insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(-R);; insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(2); tillage system: zero tillage insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(ZT); and conventional tillage insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(CT);; and insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(3); Nitrogen rates: 0 insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(control);, 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha-1 insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(N1-N4);. After 7 years of continuous practice, ZT+RN4 and ZTR+RN3 had the best soil quality and produced the highest sunflower yields of average 2010–2012 insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(5250 and 5150 kg ha−1, respectively);. Removing the residues, i.e. treatments ZT−RN1 insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(average 2010–2012: 2150 kg ha−1);, gave the lowest yields and less favorable soil physical and chemical characteristics compared to the other practices. Organic C, total N, moisture, aggregates stability, mechanical resistance, pH and EC were the factors that defined the difference in soil quality between conventional tillage and zero tillage. The principal component combining the variables organic C, total N, aggregate stability and moisture content showed the highest correlations with final seed yield insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(R = 0.87 for sunflower);.The findings suggest that ZT+R together with nitrogen fertilization would improve some soil properties, crop production and may also be better for the sustainability of high crop production. Keywords: Heliantus anuus; Soil quality; Wheat residue; Yield; Zero tillage.
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