Individual Conceptions of the Two Different Economic Systems: Homo-Economicus and Homo-Sovieticus

This study examines the concepts of homo-economicus and homo-Sovieticus, which represent the individual archetypes of capitalist and socialist economic systems, respectively. Homo-economicus embodies the rational individual model of the capitalist system, grounded in individual benefit and competition, while homo-Sovieticus reflects the collectivist, state-centered individual model of the socialist system. Homo-economicus is characterized as a self-interested individual who aligns with the dynamics of the free market, whereas homo-Sovieticus is depicted as one who adheres to central planning and state authority, prioritizing collective interests. The aim of this study is to highlight that representative individual typologies were created to understand and explain capitalist and socialist systems. In this framework, the concepts of homo-economicus and homo-Sovieticus will be examined conceptually, followed by a comparative evaluation.