Time‑Frequency and Causal Dynamics Between Green Logistics, Environmental Factors, and China’s Transportation Sector: A Fourier Toda–Yamamoto and Cross‑Wavelet Approach

Authors : Özge Demirkale

Pages : 1221-1240

Doi:10.25229/beta.1693686

View : 72 | Download : 198

Publication Date : 2025-10-29

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :This study examines causality relationships between the financial performance of China\\\'s transport industry and the selected green logistics, environmental, and macroeconomic indicators. Based on the monthly data spanning from January 2010 to December 2020, logarithm of Shanghai Transportation Index (LSZSE) is designated as the explanatory variable, while green logistics performance (LGRL), per capita income (LGDP), CO₂ emissions arising from transport activities (LTCO₂), and the percentage of renewable consumption of energy (LNREC) are employed as explanatory variables. In order to determine the properties of stationarity of the series, the unit root test with the Fourier Augmented Dickey-Fuller (Fourier ADF) that is robust to smooth structural breaks and nonlinear dynamics is employed. Based on the integration results, the Fourier Toda–Yamamoto (FTY) causality test is employed to test for causal relationships among variables of different orders of integration. The empirical test reveals a statistically significant one-way causality running from green logistics (LGRL) to sector performance of transportation (LSZSE) at the 10% level of significance. The cross-wavelet analysis demonstrated that the interactions between the series vary across long- and short-term scales, exhibiting synchronous or lagged structures depending on the period. This may be understood as that advancement in sustainability logistic activities will be able to influence investor sentiment and market worthiness within the industry.
Keywords : Yeşil Lojistik, SZSE Taşımacılık İndeksi, Çevresel Etki, Yenilenebilir Enerji, Fourier Toda–Yamamoto, Dalgacık Analizi

ORIGINAL ARTICLE URL