Educating for Democracy? The Case of the Lebanese Elementary ESL Classrooms

Authors : Samar SINNO

Pages : 19-31

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Publication Date : 2019-02-26

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The main purpose of this study is to find out if the elementary schools in Lebanon are educating for democracy.  In particular, it aims to determine whether or not the ESL classrooms are preparing young citizens to live in a democratic society in the future.  The data was collected from: a); classroom observations, b); analysis of the Lebanese National ESL Curriculum, launched by CERD in 1997, c); social-media conferencing with a focused group of 31 elementary and intermediate ESL teachers, d); a questionnaire addressed to that focused group teachers, and e); five meetings with the trainers. The study targeted grades 1 through 6 of Basic Education in schools in different regions of Lebanon. The research study is qualitative in nature, yet it includes a quantitative aspect to triangulate the data. This design enables the researcher to formulate an informed opinion about teachers’ attitudes, behaviors and practices. The Lebanese National ESL Curriculum and the literature on educating for democracy help provide the theoretical framework for the aforementioned variables.  Results indicate that democracy prevailed in only very few instances.  Recommendations for some instructional practices and teachers’ attitudes and behaviors that help sustain a democratic atmosphere in the English language classroom are highlighted.
Keywords : Education for democracy, ESL classes, Basic education, Implicit or hidden curriculum