The effects of mesenchymal stem cells on asthma

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory system characterized by cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, sputum, obstruction and bronchial hyperactivity. Asthma leads to disruption of epithelial structure, subepithelial fibrosis, inflammation, and ultimately airway reorganization. MSCs migrate into inflammatory tissue and settle there. Once in the tissue, the MSCs suppress inflammation and improve the internal structure of the tissue. These effects are achieved by transforming into tissue cells, producing anti-inflammatory and growth factors, and releasing microRNAs and extracellular vesicles. The effect of MSCs on asthma is based mostly on in vivo experimental animal models and in vitro studies of airway cells. While ovalbumin, cockroach extract and house dust mite are mostly used for in vivo experimental animal models, airway smooth muscle cells are mostly used for in vivo studies. This study aims to objectively present the information obtained from reliable articles about whether MSCs can be used in the treatment of asthma, a chronic inflammatory lung disease.