Changes in Historical Urban Squares: Historical Transformation of Beyazıt Square

When the history of city centers is examined, it is observed that squares form around either a religious structure or an administrative building. These squares, which constitute the nucleus of urban settlements, undergo changes over time. Population growth and technological developments have led to changes in these squares, initiating a process of transformation. Beyazıt Square is one of the significant squares that has survived from the Roman period to the present day. The square contributes to the formation of collective memory by preserving the historical and cultural identity of the city. It is a famous square that is open to all city residents and serves as the center for social activities. Despite various competitions being organized for the revitalization of the Historic Square and improvement of its spatial quality, the projects have either not been implemented at all or have been partially implemented. The designed objectives have not been achieved. Today, especially transportation problems exacerbate the situation in the square. The historic square is faced with heavy traffic and air pollution, and it is necessary to preserve this square, which is part of the cultural heritage. This article provides general information about the importance and history of the square, and examines the distinctive structures within the square. Furthermore, the competitions designed for the square are analyzed, and the historical, cultural, functional, and physical changes of the square are observed. The article advocates for the implementation of pedestrian-focused new methods and the removal of vehicles from the square.