Manual and Remote-Controlled Secondary Emission Calorimeter Modules for High-Radiation Environment

Authors : Nejdet Paran, Saleh Abubakar, Burak Tekgün, Emrah Tıraş

Pages : 469-478

View : 35 | Download : 42

Publication Date : 2024-12-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The demand for accurate, durable, and dependable radiation-resistant particle detectors and ionization calorimeters is increasing due to the rising brightness and extreme radiation conditions at particle colliders and accelerators. Secondary Emission (SE) Ionization Calorimetry is an innovative technology developed to quantify the energy of electromagnetic and hadronic particles, especially under high radiation conditions. This study examines the development and radiation testing of the innovative SE modules. The modules were produced by altering the standard Hamamatsu single anode R7761 Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs). A SPICE model was constructed based on the parameters of the PMT system. The model\\\'s objective is to evaluate various divider circuits. Three distinct voltage conditions for the identical modules were established, and the new modules were evaluated utilizing cosmic background and gamma radiation sources. Results indicate that all three modes exhibit significant cosmic and gamma radiation sensitivity. Mode 1 and Mode 2 exhibit substantial signal sizes compared to Mode 3, which results from cosmic particle interactions. This study indicates that the SE module is a potential technology for future radiation-resistant nuclear and high-energy detectors. Since such detector systems are either in a high radiation area or a closed room/box, remote mode changes allow us to continue the experimental process without interruption. We can instantaneously observe the modes\\\' effects by adding these signals to the interface where the modes are controlled.
Keywords : İkincil Emisyon İyonizasyon Kalorimetrisi, Kozmik Radyasyon, Radyasyon Dedektörleri, Parçacık Dedektörleri, PMT