Red-Tailed Hawk Algorithm for Efficient Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems

Authors : Yüksel Tokur Bozkurt

Pages : 905-917

View : 35 | Download : 46

Publication Date : 2025-12-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :This study presents an innovative channel estimation methodology for 5G wireless communication systems utilizing the Red-Tailed Hawk Optimization (RTHO) algorithm. The proposed RTHO-based Channel Estimation (RTHO-CE) approach accurately estimates wireless channels in dynamic environments without requiring prior statistical knowledge, training datasets, or stable channel statistics by minimizing Bit Error Rate (BER) and Mean Square Error (MSE). The algorithm improves pilot-based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems performance under frequency-selective fading channels through comprehensive evaluation across pilot densities (1/3, 1/6, 1/9, 1/12) and modulation schemes (16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, QPSK), comparing BER and MSE metrics against Least Squares (LS) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) methodologies. Simulation results on 5G New Radio TDL-300 channel models reveal that RTHO-CE achieves BER performance with 22.7% degradation from MMSE optimality while providing 22.1% improvement over LS at 20 dB SNR with QPSK modulation and 1/6 pilot density. The proposed algorithm sustains reliable performance across different pilot densities, showing only a 17% reduction when the pilot ratio decreases from 1/3 to 1/12. Under challenging high-mobility TDL-D300 scenarios, RTHO-CE demonstrates stronger adaptability, surpassing MMSE by 22.3% and delivering a 93.45% improvement compared to LS. These results highlight its potential as an effective channel estimation method for 5G systems, especially in cases where prior channel statistics are not available.
Keywords : Kızıl Kuyruklu Şahin Algoritması, Kanal Kestirimi, 5G, OFDM

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