Analysis of Female Labor Force Participation, Education, and Income Inequality in Türkiye Employing Regional Data

Authors : Hakan Yıldız

Pages : 2112-2129

Doi:10.17494/ogusbd.1765088

View : 42 | Download : 101

Publication Date : 2025-12-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :This study analyzes the effect of female labor force participation on income inequality using panel data from 26 Turkish regions (NUTS 2 level) between 2014 and 2023. The S80/S20 ratio measures income inequality. The model includes female labor force participation as the primary explanatory variable, with controls for the share of educated women, urbanization, unemployment, inflation, and real income per capita. An interaction term between female participation and educated women is added to explore how education influences this relationship. To address endogeneity, the GMM method is applied. Findings show that female participation initially increases inequality, but this effect reverses when the share of educated women is higher, highlighting that its impact depends on education levels, with important policy implications.
Keywords : Kadın işgücüne katılım, gelir eşitsizliği, IV-GMM, aile ekonomisi, Türkiye

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