Effect of agricultural waste fillers on the bending, hardness and impact properties of E-glass/epoxy laminates

Authors : Sakine Kıratlı, Uğuralp Cançeker

Pages : 1582-1593

Doi:10.29109/gujsc.1830466

View : 45 | Download : 70

Publication Date : 2025-12-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Hazelnut and walnut shells, which emerge as by-products of agricultural production, attract attention as sustainable filler alternatives in composite materials due to their high cellulose–lignin content and rigid structure. In this study, the effects of these two waste sources on the mechanical performance of E-glass/epoxy laminated composites were investigated. Fillers were added to the matrix individually (1% and 3%) and in hybrid form (2% and 6%); the samples were subjected to three-point bending, Shore D hardness, and notched impact tests. The results showed that the filler type was decisive for mechanical behavior. Hazelnut shell addition significantly increased flexural strength, especially at 3%, while walnut shell addition provided a marked improvement in impact resistance. Both natural filler types enhanced surface hardness; although the hybrid system offered partial advantages at low ratios, it reduced mechanical performance at higher contents. The findings reveal that agricultural wastes such as hazelnut and walnut shells can be considered environmentally friendly and cost-effective filler materials in epoxy-based composites.
Keywords : Tabakalı kompozit, ceviz kabuğu tozu, fındık kabuğu tozu, mekanik özellikler

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