Analysis of Relations Between the Baltic States and The Russian Federation in The Context of Energy Security

Authors : Zehra Aksu

Pages : 120-137

Doi:10.54282/inijoss.1637892

View : 45 | Download : 28

Publication Date : 2025-06-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The energy relationship between the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) and the Russian Federation is a critical factor influencing regional security. This relationship is key to understanding how energy dependency impacts national security and regional stability. Historically interconnected through shared Soviet infrastructure, the Baltic States have sought to reduce their reliance on Russian energy sources in response to security concerns, aiming to synchronise with the Continental European Network. The experiences of the Baltic States in energy security serve as a significant example of small states striving to escape the influence of major powers and develop independent energy policies. This paper aims to analyse the relations between the Baltic States and the Russian Federation within the context of energy security. The research question is which strategic orientations the Baltic States have adopted in response to the security risks arising from their historical energy dependence on Russia. The hypothesis of the study is that the energy security strategies of the Baltic States have been directly shaped by the security concerns arising from their dependence on Russian energy, and that this has functioned as a driving force accelerating their EU integration processes. The study synthesises recent policy changes and infrastructure developments affecting energy security in the Baltic region, offering original insights. By placing contemporary developments within a broader historical and geopolitical framework, it enriches the literature and provides foresight for future policy assessments. The study which examines scientific publications, policy reports, and data from government sources, concludes that Baltic-Russian energy relations are characterised by a struggle between dependence and strategic decoupling. Based on historical and contemporary evidence obtained through qualitative research methods, it is assessed that while significant steps have been taken towards diversification and EU integration, the legacy of past dependency continues to influence modern energy strategies and security assessments.
Keywords : Enerji Güvenliği, Baltık Ülkeleri, Rusya Federasyonu, AB

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