Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Other Inflammation Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Aims: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) emerges during pregnancy due to physiological shifts, resulting in an adverse intrauterine environment characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, with inflammation believed to play a significant role. While inflammation typically protects the body, it can also have adverse effects. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are recognized as biomarkers of inflammation. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place between January 2022 and December 2023 at a tertiary training and research hospital. A total of 567 patients were included in the study. A comparison of inflammation markers was conducted between patients with and without GDM. Results: A significant difference was observed in the mean SII values between the groups, with group A (Control group) exhibiting 1144 ± 400 and group B (Patients with GDM) showing 1280 ± 496 (p = .002). Another significant difference observed between groups for NLR (p= .001). Conclusion: The significant differences observed in SII values between patient groups, coupled with the discriminative abilities of SII and NLR in diagnosing GDM, underscore the potential clinical relevance of these markers.