The Outcomes of Caudal or Intravenous Addition of Morphine and Clonidine into The Caudal Block Performed with Levobupivacaine In Children; A Retrospective Study

Ineffective post-operative pain management in children may be associated with chronic pain. 98 pediatric patients aged 6 months to 12 years who underwent caudal levobupivacaine for hypospadias surgery were evaluated retrospectively. The patients who received additional intravenous clonidine were added in group 1; the patients who received additional intravenous morphine were added in group 2, patients who received additional caudal clonidine was added in group 3, and patients who received additional caudal morphine was added in group 4. CHEOPS score was assessed 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the operation and patients with score 6 or higher were determined. At the 1st hour, there were 8 cases in the intravenous morphine group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(40%);, 5cases in the intravenous clonidine group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(25%);, and 3 cases in the caudal morphine group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(15%);. At the 12th hour, there were 5 cases in the intravenous morphine group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(25%);, 10 cases in the intravenous clonidine group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(50%);, and 4 cases in the caudal morphine group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(20%);. At the 24th hour, there were 10 cases in the intravenous morphine group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(50%);, 10 cases in the intravenous clonidine group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(50%);, 9 cases in the caudal morphine group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(45%); and 2 cases in the caudal clonidine group insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(10%); insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(p<0.05);. There was no difference between the groups in terms of sedation scores at all hours insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(p>0.05);. The lowest pain scores at the 1st, 12th, and 24th hours were recorded in the caudal clonidine group. It had the lowest pain scores at 6 hours. By these methods, in favor of the clonidine group, we agreed that the analgesia lasts for approximately 12 hours postoperatively, so the postoperative stress that the children and their families have can be minimized.