Exploring the Impact of Prophylactic Antibiotics During Cesarean Delivery on Neonatal Microbiota: A Comprehensive Review Article

Authors : Teymur Bornaun, Hamit Zafer Guven

Pages : 129-142

Doi:10.56941/odutip.1538363

View : 31 | Download : 56

Publication Date : 2024-12-31

Article Type : Review Paper

Abstract :The use of prophylactic antibiotics during cesarean sections (CS) significantly impacts neonatal health by influencing the early colonization of the gut microbiota. Administered before surgical incision, these antibiotics cross the placenta, exposing the fetus to microbial disruptions at a critical stage of immune system development. This study examines the effects of perinatal antibiotic exposure on neonatal gut microbiota composition and its long-term health implications. Findings indicate that antibiotics disrupt microbial diversity, reduce beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium, and promote colonization by opportunistic pathogens. Such alterations have been linked to increased risks of obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders later in life. Maternal antibiotic use also affects vertical microbial transmission, altering the maternal vaginal and gut microbiota and exposing newborns to antibiotic residues through breast milk. While prophylactic antibiotics effectively reduce perinatal infections, their widespread use raises concerns about antibiotic resistance and long-term health consequences. Experimental studies show that even a single dose during critical developmental windows can predispose neonates to chronic diseases. This study highlights the need for careful evaluation of antibiotic use during the perinatal period to minimize adverse effects on neonatal microbiota and optimize long-term health outcomes. Identifying modifiable risk factors and refining clinical guidelines are essential steps toward balancing the benefits of infection prevention with the risks of microbiota disruption.
Keywords : Profilaktik Antibiyotikler, Sezaryen Doğum, Yenidoğan Mikrobiyotası, Mikrobiyal Çeşitlilik