Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Waste Brown Egg Shells as Catalyst

Authors : Ahmed Lawal, Fatima Lawal, Ibrahim Dayyabu

Pages : 165-180

Doi:10.54370/ordubtd.1592252

View : 58 | Download : 126

Publication Date : 2025-12-27

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The effect of Waste Brown Eggshells (WBES) catalyst and Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as a feedstock for biodiesel production was investigated. The purpose of this work is to develop an eco-friendly and cost effective process for biodiesel production. The novelty lies in the high performance catalyst from WBES produced by calcination at 1000 ⁰C for 2 hr followed by characterization of the WBES catalyst using Energy-Dispersive Xray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) analysis and Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) method. Followed by investigation of the transesterification of the WCO using the synthesized catalyst for the production of biodiesel over different catalyst dosage, Methanol/Oil molar ratio, and reaction time. Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was conducted to confirm the transformation of the triglycerides in the WCO into Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) which is biodiesel. The ED-XRF result revealed 94.18% of CaO present in the WBES. While BET showed a high surface area of 411.8m2/g with a pore diameter of 2.118nm and pore volume of 0.201 cm3/g. The transesterification reaction revealed the highest biodiesel yield of 88.78% at 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, temperature of 60 °C, 5 wt.% catalyst dosage and 1.5 hr reaction time. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of FAME in the produced biodiesel. Other fuel properties such as density, acid value and Free Fatty Acid were established and were all in accordance with ASTM D- 6751 standards.
Keywords : atık kahverengi yumurta kabukları, atık kızartma yağı, biyodizel, transesterifikasyon

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