Development and validation of the SFAS Scale: A measure of Slacktivism as a form of action in sport

Authors : Mehmet Kara
Pages : 2097-2131
Doi:10.48146/odusobiad.1723751
View : 71 | Download : 231
Publication Date : 2025-12-28
Article Type : Research Paper
Abstract :The scale development process consisted of both qualitative and quantitative steps. The qualitative procedures included focus group interviews, composition writing, and the application of the Lawshe Technique. The quantitative phase comprised assumption testing, factor analyses, convergent and divergent validity assessments, and composite reliability analyses.The scale was validated with two independent samples: the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on a dataset of 546 cases, while the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was based on 511 cases. Following the factor analyses, a three-factor structure emerged, comprising Social Change (Cronbach\\\'s α = 0.92, n = 13), Interaction and Motivation (Cronbach\\\'s α = 0.84, n = 6), and Digital Activism Participation (Cronbach\\\'s α = 0.72, n = 5). The final version of the scale included 24 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (5 = Strongly agree, …, 1 = Strongly disagree), demonstrating adequate construct validity.The explained variance was 57.760%, and the model fit indices were as follows: χ²/df = 4.37, RMSEA = 0.076, SRMR = 0.072, NFI = 0.91, and CFI = 0.86.The findings suggest that athletes’ emotional connection with their teams or individual sports figures, their desire to gain high benefits with low risk, and their sense of community belonging may facilitate their engagement in digital actions by fostering a collective identity. Although slacktivism has been examined across various disciplines, its limited investigation in the field of sports sciences highlights the significance of this study. In response to the perception that social media is a powerful medium for activism yet remains underutilized in the context of sports sciences, the \\\"Slacktivism in Sports Scale\\\" was developed.
Keywords : Slaktivizm, aktif sporcular, geçerlik, güvenirlik

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