The Profiles of Narcissism and Self-Esteem Among Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Users in the Sport of Bodybuilding: A Cross-Sectional Study

Authors : Faika Şanal Karahan, Mine Taşkın, Mustafa Can

Pages : 290-298

Doi:10.15314/tsed.1703192

View : 52 | Download : 109

Publication Date : 2025-08-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Background: Contrary to common assumptions, bodybuilders who abstain from anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) may exhibit higher levels of narcissism and self-esteem compared to AAS users. This study aimed to compare these psychological traits between AAS users and non-users to construct a distinct psychometric profile. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted across 16 gyms in Turkey. Data were collected from 25 AAS users and 41 non-users using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16) and the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale (self-liking/self-competence). Logistic regression analyzed the predictive effects of narcissism and self-esteem on AAS use. Results: Non-users scored significantly higher on narcissism (OR = 1.48), global self-esteem (OR = 1.11), self-competence (OR = 1.18), and self-liking (OR = 1.21) than users. These findings suggest that natural training may reinforce self-enhancement tendencies, reducing reliance on AAS. Conclusion: Bodybuilders who refrain from AAS display stronger narcissistic traits and elevated self-esteem, including its sub-dimensions. This paradoxical profile highlights the potential psychological benefits of natural training, challenging stereotypes about AAS users.
Keywords : anabolik steroidler, vücut geliştirme, narsisizm, benlik saygısı, psikolojik profil

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