Orta Çağ Avrupa’sında Eğitim Sisteminin Dinsel Yapılarla İnşası ve Üniversite Modelinin Ortaya Çıkışı

Authors : Galip Bingöl, Feyzullah Güleç

Pages : 233-252

Doi:10.38015/sbyy.1796838

View : 242 | Download : 267

Publication Date : 2025-12-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Medieval European education was fundamentally shaped under the authority of the Church, with knowledge transmission largely carried out through monastic and cathedral schools. The dominance of Latin as the language of instruction resulted in knowledge being monopolized by an elite class, while the curriculum was structured around the Trivium (grammar, rhetoric, logic) and Quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy). The emergence of the first universities in centers such as Bologna, Paris, and Oxford during the 12th and 13th centuries not only institutionalized the scholastic method but also enabled specialization in fields such as law, medicine, and theology. These institutions, organized as \\\"universitas\\\" communities of teachers and students, fostered the idea of academic autonomy and laid the historical foundations of the modern university. Significant disparities in education are evident in terms of social class and gender. While the nobility and clergy enjoyed broader opportunities, peasants had limited access to education, and women\\\'s educational opportunities were largely restricted to monastic institutions. Nevertheless, certain female intellectuals, such as Hildegard von Bingen, transcended the narrow constraints of the era and made significant contributions.Europe\\\'s intellectual engagement with the Islamic world also profoundly influenced its educational system. Through translation activities centered in Al-Andalus and Sicily, the works of Islamic philosophers such as Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Farabi were translated into Latin, thereby opening new philosophical, medical, and scientific horizons for scholastic thought. This study has examined the institutional structure of education, social disparities, and cultural interactions in medieval Europe, discussing how the educational understanding of the period laid the groundwork for the modern university tradition.
Keywords : Medieval European Education, Scholastic Thought, University, Church, Islamic World.

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