Health Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Lipsticks Sold in Local Markets in Iraq

Authors : Fatima MOHAMMED, Maryam ABDULGHAFOR AHMED, Hadeel M ORAİBİ

Pages : 147-160

Doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1154686

View : 53 | Download : 17

Publication Date : 2023-02-28

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Heavy metals found in cosmetics are a safety threat to the health of consumers. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the levels of heavy metals such as cadmium insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Cd);, chromium insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Cr);, copper insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Cu);, lead insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Pb);, zinc insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Zn);, and arsenic insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(As); in lipstick makeup. The level of heavy metals in lipstick was discovered by using an analytical technique with high selectivity and sensitivity, namely atomic absorption spectrometry. Twenty lipsticks were selected from the same brands, yet differing in price. Ten original insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(expensive); and ten knockoff insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(cheap); lipsticks were chosen from shops in Diyala, Iraq. The detection-limit insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(LOD); was in between 0.01 and 0.1, the quantification-limit insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(LOQ); was within 0.03 and 0.33, the recovery values insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Rec.%); ranged from 100.17% to 101.1%, the RE values were 0.81%, and the RSD values were 1.33%. The results also revealed that the levels of metals are in the order of Pb > Cd > Zn > Cu > As > Cr. However, the levels of heavy metals that were estimated in this study were less than the permissible limit set by the executive authorities, so there seems to be no concern associated with these heavy metals. However, the daily and frequent use of lipstick by women exposes them to low levels of toxic metals as these metals accumulate over time and pose adverse effects on the health of the users. The results of the hazard quotient insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(HQ); and health risk index insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(HI); indicate there was no harmful effect on human health related to heavy metals present in lipstick. Whereas the results of the biological activity of the samples indicated that there was no bacterial growth in expensive samples, cheap samples were contaminated with some types of organisms; this indicates poor quality.
Keywords : Cosmetics, Heavy metals, Toxicity effects, Health risk assessment, Biological activity

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