Fig Production in Türkiye: Varieties, Cultivation, Orchard Management and Processing

Authors : Atila Aytekin Polat

Pages : 271-281

Doi:10.53518/mjavl.1679749

View : 97 | Download : 608

Publication Date : 2025-12-25

Article Type : Review Paper

Abstract :In the present compilation the current scientific information on Türkiye fig production: varieties cultivation, horticultural requirements, fresh and dry handling; postharvest physiology and storage, fig processing and its processed products was evaluated. Türkiye led fig-producing countries with 356,000 t, accounting for 27.3% of total world production in 2023. Türkiye has a share of about 50-55% in dried fig production and 52-60% in fig exports. Although the number of countries importing Turkish figs is increasing, more than 70% is sent to the EU markets. In Türkiye, the main cultivar for drying is “Sarilop” in which is favored in all fig producing countries for its quality. ‘Bursa Siyahı’ which is also is the most preferred and high quality for fresh fig in the world market with increasing export demand. Fig plants are usually propagated by cuttings. The fig plantations are established by rooted hardwood cuttings with a between and on row spacing ranging from 7x7 or 8x8 m in older low-land orchards to 5x6 or 6 x 6 m on the slopes. Generally, fig trees are trained in “open-centre” system. Table fig varieties are consumed fresh while dried fig varieties are consumed as dried fruit. In addition, some fruits are consumed as processed products such as jam, marmalade or delight etc. Owing to the extreme perishability of fresh fig fruit, the most important fig product offered to consumers is dried fig fruit. For drying of figs, the production protocol is programmed according to the demand, pass through aflatoxin control after storage stage. Figs control at least two times to sort out aflatoxin contaminated dried figs under UV lamps. During this control, other mouldy figs are also removed. Dried fig is processed in different types according to customer request (Lerida, Layer, Chocolate, Premium, Makaroni). After the stem and eye of the best quality figs are cut, they are wrapped individually and presented to customer in its special packaging. Dried figs are packed in various types according to customer’s request. All packed products pass through metal detector control.
Keywords : Ficus carica L., çeşitler, yetiştiricilik, derim ve sonrası işlemler, işleme

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