Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots from field horsetail Equisetum Arvense L and fluorimetric detection of Pd2+ ions

Authors : Aysel Başoğlu

Pages : 209-219

Doi:10.51435/turkjac.1680680

View : 20 | Download : 68

Publication Date : 2025-05-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal approach using field horsetail (Equisetum Arvense L) as a green carbon source at 180 °C. The resulting CQDs were characterized through various techniques, such as UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Under UV illumination (365 nm), the CQDs displayed intense blue fluorescence. The effects of 32 different metal ions, including Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ag⁺, NH₄⁺, Tl⁺, Ba²⁺, Be²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Sr²⁺, Cr³⁺, Au³⁺, Y³⁺, Al³⁺, V³⁺, Bi³⁺, B³⁺, Sc³⁺, Sb³⁺, Ti⁴⁺, Se⁴⁺, Mo⁶⁺, W⁶⁺, and Pd²⁺, on the fluorescence properties of the CQDs were systematically investigated using emission spectrophotometry. Among these, Pd²⁺ ions induced a pronounced quenching effect on CQD fluorescence. Based on this response, a sensitive and straightforward fluorometric sensing strategy was developed for the detection of Pd²⁺ in tap water. The method showed a good linear correlation over the concentration range of 0.5 to 15.0 µM, with a detection limit of 50.2 nM and a quantification limit of 150.6 nM. The applicability of the method was further confirmed by spiking experiments, yielding satisfactory recoveries across various concentrations. The approach also demonstrated excellent reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) consistently remaining below 2.3%.
Keywords : Pd²⁺ tayini, floresan karbon kuantum noktaları, hidrotermal destekli sentez, tarla atkuyruğu (Equisetum Arvense L.)

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