Multi-Approach Analysis of MMP-9 in PROM and PPROM: Histopathological and Network-Based Perspectives

Authors : Tuğcan Korak, Gürler Akpınar, Hayat Ayaz, Fırat Aşır, Elif Ağaçayak, Ayşegül Aşır, Merve Gulsen Bal Albayrak, Murat Kasap
Pages : 176-182
Doi:10.53446/actamednicomedia.1659648
View : 32 | Download : 54
Publication Date : 2025-06-30
Article Type : Research Paper
Abstract :Objective: This study investigates the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm PROM (PPROM) by integrating histological analysis with bioinformatics-based molecular network assessment. Methods: Placental tissue samples were collected from 25 control, 25 PROM, and 25 PPROM cases. MMP-9 expression was analyzed via immunohistochemistry, and histological changes were examined. Modular network analysis of MMP-9 was performed using Cytoscape and STRING databases, with clustering conducted using the MCODE plugin and functional enrichment assessed via Enrichr platform. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a progressive increase in MMP-9 expression from control to PROM and PPROM placentas, with the highest expression observed in PPROM cases. Structural disruptions, including fibrin deposition and connective tissue irregularities, were more pronounced in PPROM (p<0.05). Network analysis identified four MMP-9-associated molecular clusters, of which two were significantly enriched in key biological pathways (p<0.05). Module 1 was associated with interleukin signaling (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, while Module 2 was linked to neutrophil degranulation and collagen breakdown. Conclusion: These findings indicate that MMP-9 plays a crucial role in ECM remodeling and inflammatory activation, contributing to membrane weakening and rupture in PROM and PPROM. The identified molecular clusters and signaling pathways provide insights into the underlying mechanisms and highlight MMP-9 as a therapeutic target for preventing premature rupture of membranes.
Keywords : MMP-9, doğum öncesi membran rüptürü, plasenta, immünohistokimya, biyoinformatik

ORIGINAL ARTICLE URL