The Changing Power and Security Dynamics in the Middle East

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The Changing Power and Security Dynamics in the Middle East

The Changing Power and Security Dynamics in the Middle East

Authors : Murat Alakel, Aulaa Najm Abdullah Arab

Pages : 203-240

Doi:10.53791/imgelem.1601955

View : 124 | Download : 544

Publication Date : 2025-07-29

Article Type : Review Paper

Abstract :This article examines the shifting power and security dynamics in the Middle East, focusing on the period from the 9/11 attacks to the escalation that followed Hamas’s attack on Israel on 7 October 2023. Drawing on structural realism and neoclassical realism, the study argues critically that while global powers have historically exerted significant influence, regional actors-both state and non-state- have acquired increased agency in shaping security outcomes. The Arab Spring, the entrenchment of proxy wars, and the rise of identity-based mobilizations illustrate the interplay between domestic and external drivers. Using a composite index of hard and soft power, the analysis identifies Saudi Arabia, Israel, Turkey, and Iran as regional pivotal players, with smaller states and non-state factions affecting patterns of conflict and cooperation. The findings emphasize that the Middle East functions as neither a purely subordinate subsystem nor one fully autonomous from international competition, but rather as a fluid arena where systemic and local pressures converge.
Keywords : Orta Doğu, Güç Dinamikleri, Güvenlik Mimarisi, Devlet Dışı Aktörler, Arap Baharı, Hamas-İsrail Çatışması.

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