Cisplatin in Chemotherapy

Authors : Mehmet Erdem, Mehmet Özaslan

Pages : 14-36

Doi:10.55549/zbs.1581366

View : 38 | Download : 33

Publication Date : 2025-01-13

Article Type : Review Paper

Abstract :Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment used to halt the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Despite the increase in cancer survival rates due to aggressive treatments, new anticancer drugs often cause severe side effects that can last for years, sometimes leading to treatment discontinuation or dose reduction. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is the most dose-limiting side effect of anticancer agents like paclitaxel, vincristine, and platinum compounds commonly used in treating various tumors. Many of these drugs impact the nervous system, with neurotoxicity being one of the most significant side effects. Cisplatin, a platinum-based compound widely used in cancer treatment, exerts its effect by binding to purine residues in DNA, chelating and leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. This mechanism enables it to be used as an antineoplastic agent in treating various solid tumors, including testicular, ovarian, bladder, head-and-neck, and lung cancers. One of the most serious issues associated with cisplatin chemotherapy is neurotoxicity, with oxidative stress being a major factor. Other mechanisms contributing to cisplatin neurotoxicity include DNA-mediated apoptotic pathways, mitochondrial damage, activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ion channel disruptions, and glial activation. Research aimed at reducing cisplatin’s neurotoxicity risk holds promise for making cisplatin a safer and more effective treatment option in the future.
Keywords : Chemotherapy, cisplatin, neurotoxicity

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