KNIDIAN AMPHORAE OF THE 4TH – EARLY 3RD CENTURIES BC FROM THE MAEOTIAN NECROPOLEIS OF THE KUBAN

Authors : Sergey Monakhov, Elena Kuznetsova

Pages : 47-82

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Publication Date : 2023-03-29

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :This paper presents the problems of typology and chronology of amphorae produced in Knidos in the 4th century BC. The history of the archaeological study of the territory, wineries and amphora workshops, in particular, is briefly given. The container pottery of this center is reliably identified starting from the second quarter of the 4th century BC. Based on the materials of excavations of barbarous necropolises located in the Kuban region, a specified dating of individual variants of the containers is provided in the paper. The accompanying inventory justifies narrowing the chronology of specific vessels. In addition to Knidos amphorae, there were container vessels from other centers of production (Mende, Thasos, Sinope), including those with stamps, in the burials. Painted and black-glazed vessels were found in particular burials. The first type of Knidian amphorae had a characteristic morphological feature – a mushroom-shaped rim. Amphorae of this type were produced in two varieties: Large pythoids with a short neck and a low sharp-ridged toe, and fractional, more proportional and tall vessels with a tall neck. In the third quarter of the 4th century BC, they were replaced by vessels with roller-shaped rims. Mainly large pythoids with a flaring neck and a characteristic toe shape were produced as the second type. Only a few vessels of a different morphology with a tall cylindrical neck and a conical body are known (as a sample from the collection of N. Haviaras). The article also presents some stamped Knidian vessels, as well as preliminary results of petrographic studies of some Knidian amphorae.
Keywords : Knidian amphoraları, tipoloji, Kuban Nehri Bölgesi, Maeot Nekropolleri, seramik kompleksleri

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