Design of Sodium-Ion Battery Packs in Electric Heavy-Duty Vehicles: A Case Study for Garbage Truck

Authors : Burak Fındık, Koray Erhan

Pages : 889-900

Doi:10.24012/dumf.1719248

View : 47 | Download : 123

Publication Date : 2025-12-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Electric vehicles do not generate carbon emissions in the same manner as internal combustion engine vehicles. Therefore, transitioning to electric vehicles has become essential to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector and to improve air quality. Additionally, EVs are contributing significantly to the reduction of noise pollution in urban environments. Heavy-duty vehicles are major contributors to high carbon emissions, and the situation is even more concerning in the case of garbage trucks. These vehicles typically operate at average speeds ranging from approximately 5 km/h to 20 km/h. Such low-speed operation results in internal combustion engines functioning within an efficiency range of only 7% to 15%. In contrast, electric motors maintain efficiencies above 60%, even under unfavorable conditions. Furthermore, electric vehicles consume minimal energy while idling. Therefore, the electrification of vehicles with unique driving cycles—such as garbage trucks, which are characterized by frequent stop-and-go patterns, prolonged idling, and low-speed operation—offers substantial improvements in energy efficiency. In this study, a battery pack is designed for an electric garbage truck. Instead of the lithium-ion battery chemistry traditionally used in the automotive industry, sodium-ion battery chemistry is selected. Sodium-ion batteries have recently garnered significant research interest due to their notable advantages in terms of cost, sustainability, safety, resource availability, and environmental impact. As part of this study, a truck battery is designed, and key parameters such as energy, power, maximum current, battery voltage, cell selection, module topology, power losses, and conductor cross-sections are calculated based on sodium-ion chemistry. The results of these calculations demonstrate that the integration of sodium-ion batteries into heavy-duty trucks is feasible with respect to parameters such as weight, volume, energy density, and power density.
Keywords : Sodyum-iyon, elektrikli çöp kamyonu, elektrikli ağır vasıta, modüler batarya paketi

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