Gender inequality and economic growth: An analysis of OECD countries

Authors : Damla Geboloğlu, Berna Türkekul
Pages : 221-235
Doi:10.24181/tarekoder.1679612
View : 258 | Download : 339
Publication Date : 2025-12-19
Article Type : Research Paper
Abstract :Purpose: This study explores the relationship between gender inequality and economic growth in OECD countries. It focuses on female access to education, labor market participation, and political representation. The study also examines how rural women’s education and employment relate to agricultural growth. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis uses a panel dataset covering 38 OECD countries from 1990 to 2021. Dynamic panel data models are estimated using the two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), addressing issues such as endogeneity and autocorrelation. Three models are developed to examine aggregate GDP, disaggregated gender indicators, and agricultural value added. Robustness is tested through alternative specifications and fixed effects. Finding: The results show that reducing gender gaps in education and political representation is positively associated with GDP per capita. Secondary education among women, in particular, has both direct and statistically significant effects. In agriculture-focused models, the employment and education of rural women are strongly linked to increases in agricultural value added. These findings support the idea that gender equality contributes to overall and sectoral economic performance. Originality/Value: This research approaches gender inequality not only as a social issue but also as an economic factor linked to economic growth. By offering a comparative analysis of OECD countries, it contributes empirically to the existing literature. It emphasizes the macroeconomic outcomes of women\\\'s equal access to education, employment, and political life. The inclusion of sector-specific insights, particularly in agriculture, adds a distinct perspective to the analysis.
Keywords : Dinamik panel veri, ekonomik büyüme, eğitim, cinsiyet eşitsizliği, işgücü

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