Assessing Knowledge and Awareness of Preconception Care Among Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Optimizing Maternal and Fetal Health Outcomes

Authors : Burçak Cavnar Helvacı, Burcu Candemir, Murat Cinel, Sema Hepşen, Şule Canlar, Murat Dağdeviren, Erman Çakal

Pages : 204-211

Doi:10.25048/tudod.1701369

View : 57 | Download : 59

Publication Date : 2025-08-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Aim: Diabetes mellitus raises risks for the mother, fetus, and infant. Preconception care plays a vital role in reducing the likelihood of miscarriage, congenital anomalies, and perinatal mortality. A higher level of knowledge before pregnancy is associated with better glycemic control and reduced diabetes-related risks. This study aimed to assess the pre-pregnancy knowledge of women of reproductive age with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to inform strategies for improved pregnancy planning and care in this high-risk group. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, single-center study included women with T1DM aged 18–45 years attending an endocrinology outpatient clinic. Participants completed a structured questionnaire designed to evaluate their knowledge of preconception care. Results: A total of 117 women with T1DM participated in the study. The mean knowledge score was 58.6%. Participants who had received preconception care education scored significantly higher than those who had not (69.98% vs. 47.13%, p<0.001). Similarly, women with previous pregnancy experience had higher scores compared to those without (65.19% vs. 50.19%, p<0.001). Positive correlations were observed between knowledge scores and age (r = 0.29, p< 0.001), diabetes duration (r = 0.28, p< 0.001), marital status (r = 0.46, p< 0.001), pregnancy history (r = 0.37, p< 0.001), and prior education on the topic (r = 0.57, p< 0.001). No significant correlation was found between education level and knowledge scores (p = 0.71). Conclusion: This study revealed a moderate average knowledge level regarding preconception care among women with T1DM. Prior pregnancy experience and receiving preconception care education were significantly associated with higher knowledge scores, while general educational attainment showed no correlation. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted, diabetes-specific educational interventions rather than relying solely on general education. Integrating structured preconception counseling into routine diabetes care may help bridge knowledge gaps and improve pregnancy outcomes in this high-risk population.
Keywords : Gebelik öncesi bakım, Farkındalık oranı, Bilgi düzeyi, Tip 1 diabetes mellitus, Gebelik

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