Bioactive potential of bitter almond by-products and its nematicidal activity against Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Rhabditida: Anguinidae)

Authors : Mehmet Ali Temiz, Eşref Can, Elif Yavuzaslanoğlu, Gamze Aksay

Pages : 307-320

Doi:10.16970/entoted.1737000

View : 67 | Download : 81

Publication Date : 2025-09-30

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :While plant-parasitic nematodes cause significant economic losses, integrated pest management using plant-based natural products shows promise. Bitter almonds contain the amygdalin molecule, which releases toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) when hydrolysed. This study aims to determine the amygdalin content, extraction yield, and antioxidant capacity in extracts obtained using conventional and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods from bitter almond by-products collected in Karaman in 2023. Additionally, it aims to determine the inhibitory effect of the extracts and authentic amygdalin against the stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) and their EC50 values. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction recovered more amygdalin than conventional extraction. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity. Ultrasonic-assisted extract (BAU) at 1 mg·mL-1 concentration (90.38±3.70%) and conventional extract (BAC) at 2 mg·mL-1 concentration (93.46±1.14%) (p<0.05) showed stronger activity than fenamiphos (77.00±2.60%). Authentic amygdalin showed limited nematicidal activity (26.83±6.94%), while both extracts were found to have more potent nematicidal activity (BAC and BAU 2 mg·mL-1 concentration, 93.46±1.14% and 94.21±0.91%, respectively). The results showed that bitter almond by-products extracts have promising potential in the management of D. dipsaci as plant protection products. This study may provide important scientific information for future studies to understand nematicidal activity.
Keywords : Amigdalin, acı badem, yan ürün, Ditylenchus dipsaci, nematisidal ak

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