Structure, Biochemical Role and Importance of Carboxylase Class Enzymes in Metabolism

Authors : Naci Polat, Engin Köse

Pages : 593-603

Doi:10.32708/uutfd.1711953

View : 59 | Download : 403

Publication Date : 2025-12-08

Article Type : Review Paper

Abstract :Cells, the smallest structures showing the structural and functional characteristics of a living being, obtain their biomass from inorganic carbon. Metabolites involved in central carbon metabolism are utilised within the TCA cycle for numerous biosynthetic purposes, such as synthesizing amino acids and fatty acids. To replenish the intermediates of the TCA, many organisms use anaplerotic reactions, usually involving enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase, glutamate dehydrogenase, PEP carboxylase, and transaminase reactions. Carboxylases are important in fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrate metabolism, polyketide biosynthesis, urea utilisation, and other cellular processes. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and pyruvate carboxylase are carboxylase group enzymes that have been studied, and their roles in metabolism are well known. As a result of a problem in the production of enzymes involved in metabolism or a situation that prevents them from fulfilling their catalytic activities, abnormal and harmful organic acid metabolites accumulate in the cell. In metabolism, differential diagnoses are important to determine enzyme deficiencies and/or the determination of the catalytic activity of the relevant enzyme. Diagnosis of enzyme deficiencies can be made by genetic, biochemical, imaging, and molecular methods. It should be considered that these enzymes, whose catalytic activities are examined only in a few rare diseases, may be one of the underlying causes of diseases that occur in the metabolic process. Therefore, developing highly accurate, cost-effective, and reproducible methods for analyzing carboxylase group enzymes will greatly benefit patients in terms of the treatment process.
Keywords : Asetil-CoA karboksilaz, propiyonil-CoA karboksilaz, 3-metilkrotonil-CoA karboksilaz, piruvat karboksilaz, Biyokimya, Metabolizma

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