Evaluation of Hand Physical Features, Sensory Perception and Functional Status in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals

Authors : Emral Özgür, İbrahim Karaca, Semin Melahat Fenkçi, Suat Erel

Pages : 237-242

Doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1763700

View : 104 | Download : 273

Publication Date : 2025-11-15

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :This study aimed to assess the physical features, sensory perception, and functional capacity of the hand in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Eighty-eight individuals with T2DM and 88 healthy, demographically matched controls were included. Cognitive status was assessed using the Standardized Mini Mental Test (α=0.83). Joint range of motion was measured with a goniometer. Grip and pinch strength were assessed using a Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer and Pinch Gauge (ICC=0.97). Sensory evaluation included superficial sensations (sharp/dull, hot/cold, light touch) and cortical sensation (two-point discrimination, stereognosis, graphesthesia). Functional performance was evaluated with the Purdue Pegboard Test (α=0.87). Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. The T2DM group showed significant deficits in all domains of hand function (P<0.05). Grip strength decreased by 25%, pinch strength by 28.4% (P<0.001). Two-point discrimination was 44% worse in T2DM (8.1±1.4 mm vs. 4.5±1.1 mm; P<0.001). Stereognosis and graphesthesia declined by 31.1% and 34.4%, respectively. Pegboard performance was 24% lower (P<0.001). Individuals with T2DM have marked impairments in sensory integration and hand function. Early detection of these deficits is essential for developing targeted rehabilitation strategies to preserve upper extremity function.
Keywords : Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hand function, Grip strength, Sensory perception

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