Changes for Grain Yield and Spike Characters in Early Segregating Generations of Bread Wheat Crosses

Authors : Damla Balaban Göçmen, Alpay Balkan, Oğuz Bilgin, İsmet Başer

Pages : 77-84

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Publication Date : 2024-07-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The study was carried out to evaluate 20 bread wheat cross populations in F2, F3 and F4 segregating generations, and to determine promising cross combinations with high performance for spike characteristics and grain yield. The five parents of the crosses were also evaluated along with the populations over the years. The ranges of mean value across populations were 8.66-10.94 cm for spike length, 41.08-54.96 number of grains per spike, 2.07-2.50 number of grains per spikelet, 1.89-2.46 g for grain weight per spike, 1.89-2.43 for spike density, 69.8-75.85% for spike index and 3592-5478 kg ha-1 for grain yield on average. These ranges were larger for all traits than the across generations indicating that there is sufficient variation for spike traits in the populations studied. Considering the statistical significance among the generations for the investigated spike traits, selection will be more efficient in as early generation as possible for the number of grains per spike, the number of grains per spikelets. Though it is not statistically significant the highest spike length and spike index values were obtained in the F2 generation means that it may be appropriate to select in early generation for these traits keeping in mid the hybrid vigor may be affecting the traits of interest. It was concluded that it would be more appropriate to make the selection for the remaining spike characters after the F2 generation. Among the parents used in crosses, Sana, Pehlivan and Krasunia cultivars showed their high performance in spike characteristics, and it might be plausible to use them as parents in wheat breeding studies to increase yield through spike characteristics. The Sana/Flamura 85, Sana/ Krasunia, Pehlivan/Sana, Bezostaja1/Krasunia and Krasunia/Pehlivan were noted as the most promising crosses for spike characteristics.
Keywords : Bread wheat, reciprocal hybrids, spike characteristics, variation, generation