First Voltammetric Detection of Fluroxypyr with Pencil Graphite Electrode from Real Samples

The goal of this investigation was to assess the persistence of Fluroxypyr (FLX) in the environment as well as its hazardous effects using voltammetry. The originality of this research is that no study on the determination of FLX by voltammetric methods has been found in the literature. The chosen analytical approach was carried out on the surface of a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) utilising cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Electrochemical measurements were carried out in pH 3.00 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) medium. FLX gave a well-defined oxidation peak at a potential of approximately 1.40 V (Ag/AgCl), and the obtained current signals increased with increasing concentrations. As a result of calibration studies, high linearity was obtained with SWV technique in the range of 4.00×10⁻⁷ – 8.00×10⁻⁵ M, the slope of the calibration curve was calculated as 517737.74 μA/M and the correlation coefficient (R²) was 0.995. The determination and detection limits for FLX were determined as 1.45×10⁻⁷ M (LOD) and 4.39×10⁻⁷ M (LOQ), respectively. Intra-day and inter-day repeatability coefficients of the analytical method were found to be 0.87% and 0.96%, respectively. The slope obtained from the Ep-pH plot was approximately –59 mV/pH and the value of n ≈ 2 obtained from the Ep-logv analysis confirmed that the electrochemical oxidation process of FLX occurred by the transfer of two electrons and two protons.