Current Approaches in the Treatment and Reconstruction of Frostbite Injuries: A Case Report

Authors : İhtişam Zafer Cengiz, Fatma Çakmak

Pages : 25-27

Doi:10.33706/jemcr.1603900

View : 10 | Download : 12

Publication Date : 2025-03-28

Article Type : Other Papers

Abstract :Introduction Frostbite injuries, though uncommon in temperate climates like Turkey, are prevalent in high-altitude, cold regions such as Eastern Anatolia. These injuries are particularly observed in vulnerable populations exposed to prolonged cold, such as refugees. Pathophysiologically, tissue damage occurs due to ice crystal formation—either intracellularly, leading to direct cell death, or extracellularly, causing osmotic dehydration. Early intervention with rewarming protocols is crucial to prevent severe complications, including necrosis and amputations. Case A 24-year-old male refugee walked on snowy roads for a week, resulting in frostbite injuries to his hands and feet. On admission, he presented with bullae formation, prolonged capillary refill, and weak circulation in the extremities. Initial management included anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen), anticoagulant (heparin), and peripheral vasodilation (pentoxifylline) therapies. After one week, demarcation lines developed, necessitating amputation of affected fingers. A reverse sural artery flap was used to reconstruct the deep tissue defect in the left calcaneal region, while a full-thickness skin graft was applied to the right calcaneal defect in a secondary procedure. Conclusion Frostbite injuries require prompt diagnosis and intervention to minimize tissue loss and complications. In delayed cases, amputations and reconstructive surgeries become inevitable. A multidisciplinary approach, including medical and surgical management, is critical for successful outcomes. Preventive measures, education of at-risk populations, and timely access to healthcare are essential in reducing frostbite-related morbidity.
Keywords : sural flep, ters akım, donma yaralanması