Complications of Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Authors : Aishat Temitope ALONGE, Babatunde Isaac ADEMUSİRE, Chinweoge Frances EPUM, Boluwatife Adeleye ADEWALE, Opeoluwa Samuel ADEFARATİ

Pages : 45-57

Doi:10.5799/jmid.951471

View : 6 | Download : 11

Publication Date : 2021-06-15

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Objectives: COVID-19, primarily a respiratory disease, can have complications that affect all organ systems of the body. There is a paucity of systematic reviews on all the complications. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we set out to summarize the complications of COVID-19 in all body systems and their prevalence. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for eligible articles using predefined criteria. Database searching and extraction were performed by independent reviewers. Results: We identified 74 case reports/series and 15 observational studies. In both the case reports/series and observational studies, pulmonary complications were the most commonly reported, particularly pneumonia, followed by neurological complications in case reports/case series and hematological complications in observational studies. Atrial arrhythmias insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1.7%); and acute myopericarditis insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1.7%);, liver injury insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(3.3%);, acute kidney injury insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(8.8%);, deep venous thrombosis insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(2.2%);, ischemic stroke insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(12.2%);, herpes zoster insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1.1%);, and diabetic ketoacidosis insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1.1%); were the most reported cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, hematological, neurological, dermatological, and endocrine complications respectively in case reports/series. However, acute myocarditis insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(100%);, hypoproteinemia insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(15.9-28.8%);, transient acute renal failure insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(49.9-90.1%);, acute coagulopathy insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(16.5-28.4%);, and ischemic stroke insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(1.3-3.9%); had the highest pooled prevalence for cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, hematological, and neurological complications respectively in observational studies. Conclusion: The complications of COVID-19 are multi-systemic with pulmonary complications being the most commonly reported. Notwithstanding, healthcare professionals should be aware that COVID-19 is a differential diagnosis for even the rare but equally debilitating complications and should screen patients who develop these complications to rule out COVID-19 during the pandemic and beyond. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 11insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(2);: 45-57.
Keywords : Covid 19, Systematic review, SARS CoV 2, Complications, Sequelae