Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Phages to Combat Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp.

Authors : Atunga NYACHİEO, Stephen ALAFİ, Ivy Jepkurui MUTAİ, Benson NGOLOBE, Ritah NABUNJE, Jesca L NAKAVUMA

Pages : 183-190

Doi:10.5799/jmid.1036727

View : 9 | Download : 3

Publication Date : 2021-12-15

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Objectives: Escherichia coli and some Salmonella enterica serovars are zoonotic pathogens affecting livestock and humans. These pathogens cause significant loss of productivity in livestock, severe morbidity and mortality in humans, and have high antibiotic resistance profiles. Therefore, the exploitation of lytic phages for therapeutic purposes is important for eliminating these resistant bacterial strains. Methods: Thirty-four bacterial stock isolates comprised of 23 E. coli and 11 Salmonella spp. strains were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility to seven antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. The antibiotics included Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole, Gentamycin, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, and Ofloxacin. Twelve insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(12/23); E. coli and insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(2/11); Salmonella spp. exhibited antimicrobial resistance. Selected six insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(6/12); drug-resistant E. coli strains were subjected to three different phages insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(PA5, EHEC005, C11S1A); for efficacy and host range assay. Similarly, two insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(2/2); resistant Salmonella strains were exposed to one Salmonella phage A23 for efficacy and host range assay. The E. coli insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(C11S1A); phage, which infected most bacterial hosts, was evaluated for optimal efficiency at various pH and temperatures. Results: E. coli isolates had the highest resistance 12/23 insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(52%); compared to Salmonella spp. 2/11insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(18%); insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(p<0.05);. Most resistance was against Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(44%); and insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(9%); for E. coli and Salmonella spp., respectively. Furthermore, E. coli insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(C11S1A); phages killed all the Escherichia coli strains, while Salmonella phage A23 only lysed the host bacteria. The E. coli insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(C11S1A); phages were highly efficacious at 37 0C and pH 7.4. Conclusion: The successful isolation of novel lytic E. coli insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(C11S1A); phages, which killed all the E. coli strains tested, demonstrates the potential for therapeutic purposes for humans and livestock. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 11insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(4);:183-190.
Keywords : Antimicrobial resistance, zoonosis, novel bacteriophage, East Africa