Detection of Malaria Parasite Protein in Urine of Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Malaria Using Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits

Authors : Amusan ABİODUN, Akinola OLUGBENGA, Akano KAZEEM, Gbotosho Grace OLUSOLA

Pages : 97-107

Doi:10.5799/jmid.1176524

View : 13 | Download : 9

Publication Date : 2022-09-17

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Objectives: The invasive nature of the current malaria diagnostic techniques impairs compliance to diagnosis, especially for on-field detection. Adapting non-invasive methods of biological sample collection for rapid diagnosis of malaria infections may provide a more efficient approach to case management and epidemiological studies of malaria. This study was designed to evaluate the detection of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-rich Protein II insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(PfHRP-2); in urine samples and optimization as diagnostic markers for P. falciparum infection. Methods: One hundred insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(100); microscopically confirmed patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection and 25 P. falciparum negative controls were recruited for the study. Blood samples of all participants were tested for the presence of PfHRP-2 using Rapid Diagnostic Test insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(RDT); kits. In addition, urine samples of the confirmed malaria-infected patients were analyzed for PfHRP-2 using the CareStartTM and Global Devices insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(USA); Malaria kits. The diagnostic performances of the RDT kits were evaluated. Results: Overall, the two brands of malaria rapid diagnostics demonstrated 71% sensitivity insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(95%CI=62.1-79.9%); and 96% specificity insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(95%CI=88.3-103.7%); for PfHRP-2 detection in urine. The sensitivities of the tests in urine at asexual parasitemia ≤ 2000 μL-1 and asexual parasitemia > 2000 μL-1 were 69.6% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(95%CI=56.3-82.9%); and 72.2% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(95%CI=60.3-84.2%); respectively. Global Devices and CareStartTM kits had individual sensitivities of 80% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(95%CI= 65.7-94.3%); and 67.1% insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(95%CI= 56.1-78.1%); respectively for PfHRP-2 detection in urine insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(P= 0.072);. Conclusion: Findings revealed that urine-based RDTs have limited capacities for malaria diagnosis due to their low sensitivity and require more optimizations to meet required diagnostic standards. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(3);:97-107.
Keywords : Rapid Diagnostic Test RDT, non invasive technique, Plasmodium falciparum Histidine rich protein II PfHRP 2, urine, sensitivity