Effects of smoking on the cardiopulmonary modulation during physical exercise in middle-aged non-obese healthy individuals

Authors : Ajar Koçak, Onur Yildirim, Ayhan Coşgun, Mustafa Hamidullah Türkkani

Pages : 406-411

Doi:10.47582/jompac.1343788

View : 68 | Download : 123

Publication Date : 2023-10-27

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall effects of smoking and its duration on various cardiopulmonary modulation mechanisms during physical exercise in middle-aged non-obese healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Two hundred forty-three (142 smokers and 101 non-smokers), middle-aged, non-obese, healthy individuals were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Parameters of pulmonary function including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC ratio were evaluated using a spirometer and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) were measured by echocardiography on rest and during various levels of exercise. A treadmill exercise test was used to assess heart rate recovery index (HRRI), the chronotropic index (CI) and the maximum rate of oxygen consumption during exercise (VO2max). Results: Resting sPAP values were higher and FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC values were lower among smokers. As compared to resting values; FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio in smokers decreased significantly at peak exercise level (2.66±0.54 vs 2.35±0.49, p<0.01 and 81.57±8.21 vs 75.11±8.12, p<0.01 respectively). The HRRI values of all 1st, 2nd and 3rd minutes were significantly lower in the smoker group. Similar results were observed with CI and VO2max values (0.67±0.21 vs 0.76±0.19, p<0.01 and 34.91±4.63 vs 38.47±3.24, p<0.01 respectively). In addition, all mentioned parameters were significantly correlated with smoking duration. Conclusion: Smoking is associated with a variety of adverse effects that may eventually reduce the exercise capacity of healthy individuals. These effects can manifest at early stages, and their severity correlates significantly with smoking duration.
Keywords : Sigara, egzersiz, kardiyopulmoner fonksiyon, kronotropik yetersizlik