Sugarbeet Breeding I

Authors : Mustafa Erdal

Pages : 39-56

View : 8 | Download : 27

Publication Date : 1996-12-31

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Sugar beet is a biennial, diploid (2n = 2x = 18), allogam plant, that was improved in 1750\\\'s. Tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36) have been obtained artificially from diploids through the use of colchicine. In sugar beet breeding, mass selection method was used in the first years but later significant improvements in quality have been achived by using the off-spring testing method. Diploid and anisoploid synhetic variety have been bred as a result of these studies. Discoveries of cytoplasmic genetic male sterile (S) xxzz in 1945 and monocarpe genetic monogerm in 1948 made possible to breed hybrid monogerm plant enabling sugar beet growing without singling and thinning. The most important and difficult thing in hybrid breeding are to find out O- type (N) xxzz and so called complementary type plants which make the continuation of cytoplasmic genetic male sterility possible, and to improve cytoplasmic male sterile parallels. O-type plants are obtained by test crossing them with a male sterile plant in an isolated environment. Because of heterosis, 10-12% yield increase have been observed in hybrid sugar-beet varieties. Recently, genetic monogerm hybrid variety types are used in all growing plots in developed countries, in Turkey it is around 98%.
Keywords : Şeker pancarı, ıslah, melez