Surfactant-controlled aqueous synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles via the hydrothermal and conventional heating methods

Authors : Muhammad Akhyar FARRUKH, Boonteck HENG, Rohana ADNAN

Pages : 537-550

View : 22 | Download : 9

Publication Date : 0000-00-00

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :Tin oxide nanoplates and nanoballs were fabricated using a cationic surfactant of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(CTABr); as an organic supramolecular template and tininsert ignore into journalissuearticles values(IV); chloride as an inorganic precursor via the hydrothermal and conventional heating methods. Urea, which decomposes to ammonium and hydroxide ions during hydrolysis, was used as the source of slow homogeneous precipitation of Sn4+ with OH- to control the particle size. The influence of different reaction parameters insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(time, temperature, and ratio of Sn4+ to CTABr); on particle sizes, particle distribution, and morphology was investigated using X-ray diffraction insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(XRD);, transmission electron microscopy insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(TEM);, and Fourier transform infrared insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(FTIR); spectroscopy. XRD data showed that the size of the SnO2 nanoparticles decreased with increasing reaction time using the conventional heating method, while no significant change was observed with the hydrothermal method. Nanoplates with average sizes of 9.36 nm and nanoballs up to 4.51 nm were prepared using different ratios of Sn+4 to CTABr at different temperatures and reaction times by the hydrothermal and conventional heating methods, respectively. Elimination of surfactant from tin-surfactant composites by calcination yielded a porous tin oxide nanostructure.
Keywords : Nanostructures, chemical synthesis, nanoplates, nanoballs, X ray diffraction, electron microscopy