Geochemistry of travertine deposits in the Eastern Anatolia District: an example of the Karakoçan-Yoğunağaç (Elazığ) and Mazgirt-Dedebağ (Tunceli) travertines, Turkey

Authors : LEYLA KALENDER, ÖZLEM ÖZTEKİN OKAN, MURAT İNCEÖZ, BAHATTİN ÇETİNDAĞ, VESİLE YILDIRIM

Pages : 607-626

View : 27 | Download : 13

Publication Date : 0000-00-00

Article Type : Research Paper

Abstract :The Karakoçan-Yoğunağaç insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Elazığ); and Mazgirt-Dedebağ insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Tunceli); travertines, which are related to thermal springs, are situated on the right-lateral strike-slip Karakoçan Fault Zone insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(KFZ); and left-lateral strike-slip Pamuklu Fault Zone insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(PFZ); in eastern Anatolia. The surface area of the travertines varies from m2 to km2. Morphologically, the travertines are classified as ridge, banded, and terrace types due to deposition in different ways, in the releasing/restraining bends of the KFZ and PFZ and on the segments of faults. The banded travertines were dated by U-series, and an age of 160,000 ± 76 years was determined in only one sample from the Mazgirt-Dedebağ area. Travertines primarily consist of low magnesian calcite and form the spherical pisoids. Amorphous iron oxide insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(up to 2.93%);, other metal concentrations insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(As: 753.3 ppm; Co: 14.3 ppm; Cu: 4.9 ppm; Mn: 4094 ppm; Zn: 4.7 ppm);, and heavy stabile isotope values insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(Δ18Ocalcite insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(SMOW); ? and δ13Ccalcite insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(PDB);); have increasing trends from the outside to the inside of the banded travertines. The estimated δ18OH2O isotope values in both ancient and modern travertine samples show that the thermal water temperature decreased approximately 17 °C from ancient to modern travertine formations. Algal species of Cyanophyta insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(blue/green algae);, Chlorophyceae insert ignore into journalissuearticles values(green algae);, and Bacillariophyta are predominant in both the Mazgirt and Karakoçan travertines. Oscillatoria is dominant in the studied thermal waters that are found as superficial mats on the travertines and are often common in sulfide-rich thermal waters.
Keywords : Geochemistry, Mazgirt, Karakoçan, Travertine, Turkey