840 microns) are high, and since the amount of erodible fractrons «840 miqons) and much erodible fractions «420 microns) are less; these soils inveEtiga.ted are much resistant to the mavement by wind. On the other hand, less amount of the soil losses shows that wind erosian at this area is not much important problem now. But, from nowon, same impartant me~sures on the farm must be taken, in order to prevent the erosian probIems in the fature. For example, the system of wind strip cropping must be taken into consideration; the strips should be planned perpendicularly to the dlrection of prevailing wind in regu1ar width. The proper crap rotation systems including legumeı should be appIicated on the strips. Fields should be plowed in clods without turning over the soiI as possible as after critical period (Apri]) and ıain. At the arrangement of the strips, the roads between the pIots should be corrected so that these are perpencıicularly to the wind directian. NormalIy, crop residues must be left on the surface of the fields. Where wind erosian is a severe problem, it is necessary to add extra crop residııes to the fields. Alsa, anather important thing is the fact that the fileds should not be left for fallow in a whole. In fact, the fallows should be thonght in strips applying crop rotation. During the critical period which wind erosion occurs severly, cover crops must be taken into account to pro"tect the surface of the soil on the farın. If the above-mentioned practices should be taken, wind erosion will be controled perfectly, and conscquently, it wiU be possible to produce crops in blalance without causing erosion at the are~ investigated."> 840 microns) are high, and since the amount of erodible fractrons «840 miqons) and much erodible fractions «420 microns) are less; these soils inveEtiga.ted are much resistant to the mavement by wind. On the other hand, less amount of the soil losses shows that wind erosian at this area is not much important problem now. But, from nowon, same impartant me~sures on the farm must be taken, in order to prevent the erosian probIems in the fature. For example, the system of wind strip cropping must be taken into consideration; the strips should be planned perpendicularly to the dlrection of prevailing wind in regu1ar width. The proper crap rotation systems including legumeı should be appIicated on the strips. Fields should be plowed in clods without turning over the soiI as possible as after critical period (Apri]) and ıain. At the arrangement of the strips, the roads between the pIots should be corrected so that these are perpencıicularly to the wind directian. NormalIy, crop residues must be left on the surface of the fields. Where wind erosian is a severe problem, it is necessary to add extra crop residııes to the fields. Alsa, anather important thing is the fact that the fileds should not be left for fallow in a whole. In fact, the fallows should be thonght in strips applying crop rotation. During the critical period which wind erosion occurs severly, cover crops must be taken into account to pro"tect the surface of the soil on the farın. If the above-mentioned practices should be taken, wind erosion will be controled perfectly, and conscquently, it wiU be possible to produce crops in blalance without causing erosion at the are~ investigated." > SİVAS-ULAŞ DEVLET ÜRETME ÇİFTLİĞİNDE RÜZGAR EROZYONU SONUCU MEYDANA GELEN TOPRAK KAYIPLARI İLE TOPRAKLARIN BAZI FİZİKSEL VE KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR

SİVAS-ULAŞ DEVLET ÜRETME ÇİFTLİĞİNDE RÜZGAR EROZYONU SONUCU MEYDANA GELEN TOPRAK KAYIPLARI İLE TOPRAKLARIN BAZI FİZİKSEL VE KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR

Authors : Hayati ÇELEBİ
Pages : 0-0
View : 28 | Download : 7
Publication Date : 2010-12-11
Article Type : Other Papers
Abstract :ÖZET Araştırma sahasmda topraklar genellikle ince bünyeli olup, suda dispers okıbilen 20 mikrondan küçük zerreler miktarı % 4,44-26,62; suya dayanıkll.20 mikrondan küçük agregatlar miktarı % 24,77-87,65; 420 mikrondan küçük kuru zerreler miktarı % 1,9-26,2; 840 mikrondan küçük zerreler miktarı % 4,7-38,5; 840 mikrondan büyük zerreler miktarı % 61,5-95,3; kireç miktarları % 2,11-34,15; organik madde miktarları % 1,65-3,15; mekaniks~l stabilite değerleri % 82,43-99,02; ekivalan çap değerleri 0,34..0,46 mm. ve dekara toprak kayıpları 2,130-50,150 kg. arasındadır. Toprak kayıpları ile mekaniksel stabilite, ekivalan çap değerleri, silt fraksiyonu, 420 mikrondan küçük kuru zerreler, 840 mikrondan küçük kuru zerreler, 840 mikrondan büyük kuru zerreler, 20 mikrondan küçük suda diJpers olabilen zerreler ve 20 mikrondan küçük suya dayanıklı agregat/ar arasında sırayfa -0,575,-0,427-0,462,0,856, 0,845,-0,798, 0,613 ve -0,490 korelasyon katsayıları bulunmuştur. lNVESTIGATIONS ON THE RELAIlONSHlPS BETWEEN THE SOIL LOSSES lNDUCED BY WlND EROSION AND SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS OF THE ULAŞ STATE FARM AT SİVAS PROVlNCE, TURKEY I. This investigation has been done to find out the relationships between the soil losess induced by wind erosion and some physical and chemical properties of the soils of Ulaş State Farm at Sivas Province, Turkey. Such an investigation wiU be much important and useful in terms of the conservation planning of the farın and soil managemenL' 2. The area investigated, where has ben has been set up on the large area in the southem part of Sivas Province, is about 18,062 acres and 4.617 feet high from the sea leveL. 3. To characterize the physical and chemical properties of the soils; texture, less than 20 microns of the partides dispersed in water, less than 20 microns of the water-stable aggregates, dry site distribution (with Rotary sieve), bulk density of the dry practicles less' than 840 microns, Iime content and organic matter were an1yzed. in addition, the amount of soil losses in pound per acre, the percentages of mechanical stability and the values of equivalent diameter in millimeteı, have been calculated by means of the formulas mentioned before. 4. According to the results of mechanical analysis; these soils are generaUy fine in texture, and contain 20.4956,83 % day, 16.19-47.48 % silt and 3.6-50,75 % sand. 5. -The amount of less than 20 microns of the partides 'dispersed in water is between 4.44% and 26.62 %' The amount of water-stable aggregates less than 20 microns is between 24.77% and 87.65 %' 6. According to the dry size distribution with Rotary sieve developed by ehepil; the. amount of aggregates less than 420 microns, the aggregates of less than 840 microns and the aggregates greater than 840 microns have been determined 1.9-26.2%, 4.7-38.50 % and 61.5 - 95.3 %, respectively. These soils contain a Httle amount of aggregates less than 840 microns, and are resistant to movement by wind, because these have the pe~centages of the aggregates greater than 840 microns at the ratio of 2:3 of the soil (by weight). 7. The values of bulk density of the erodible aggregates change from 1.09 gr./cm 3 to 1.47 gr/cm 3• 8. The amount of the lime content of the soils differ from 2.1 1% to 34.15%. This shows that these are limely. 9. The values of organie matter of the soils are between 1.65. and 3.15% These are usually medium in humus. 10. The values of the soil losses vary from 0.241 pound/aere to 5.684 pound/acre. The soil sample (No.6) has the highest loss. This indicates that 31 the soils are not' most intensively susceptible to wind erosion. ll. The values of mechanical stabi. lity of the soils range from 82.43% to 99.02%. This shows that the Cıods are more resistant to the effects of wind. 12. The values of the eqivalent diameter of the soils are beteween 0.34 mm. and 0.46 mm. With the exception of the soil sample (No. 6) which has the highest lass, this value is usually greater than the value, 0.1 mm. Consequently; the soils are re~istant to wind erosion. 13. Between the ·soil losses and the values of thl'<. mechanical stability, a negative signific,ant correlatian coefficient (1+ -0,575) at the level of i per cent has been calculated. This indicates that the losses by wind erosian will decrease, as the values of the mechanical ~tabiIity will increase. 14. A nagative significant carrela· tion coefficient (r= -0,427) at the level of 5 per cent has been found between the soil lasses and the values of of eqivalent diameter. Therefore, as these values increase, soil losses will decrease. 15. A negatiye significant carrelatian coefficient (r+ = -0,462) at the Jeyel of 5' per cent has been calculated between the soillosses and silt fraction. This shows that the loseses will deerease, as the amount of silt increases. No significant carrelatian between the soil losses and the fraetions of dayand sand. 16. Between' the soil losses and the percentages of dry soil aggregates less than 420 microns, a positive significant carrelatian coefficient (r= +0,856) at the Jevel of i per cent has been ·obtained. This shows that the losses wi11 increase, as these values increase. 17, Between the soil losses and the percentages of dry soiI aggregates les:,: than 840 microns, a positive significant carrelatian coefficient (r=+0.845) at the level of i per cent has been calcu- .Iated. This shows that the soil losses will increase, as these values increase. 18. There is a negative significant carrelatian coefficient (r= ~0.798) at the level of i per cent 'between the soil losses and the percentages of dry soil aggregates greater than 840 microns. This indicates that the'losses will decrease, as these values increase 19. A positive signifieent correlatian coefficient (r=-;-0.613) at the level of i per cent has been found 'between the soil losses and the pereentages of less than 20 microns of d;spersed in water. 1h1s shows that thelasse", wİ!l incı ease, as these- vahıes increase. 20. Between the soi! losses and the pereentages of water-stable partides Jess than 20 microns, a negative significant carrelatian coeffjcient (r = ·--0.490) at the level of 1 per cent, has been calculated. Therefore, as these yalues increase, the. losses will deerease. 21. There is no significant eorrelation coefficient between the soil losses and the .lime content. That is the reason that these have a fine tex· tured soils and a great dea) of silt fı actioos. Therefore, lime has a Iittle effect on the mechanical stabiIity of these soils. 22. Between the soil losses and the percentages of organic matter, there is not any carrelatian. For these soils are general1y medium in humus, this matter has an influance on the increa~ing of mechanical stability. 23. As a result, since the percentages of mechanical stabiIity, the values of eqivalent diameter and the amount of nonerodible fractions (> 840 microns) are high, and since the amount of erodible fractrons «840 miqons) and much erodible fractions «420 microns) are less; these soils inveEtiga.ted are much resistant to the mavement by wind. On the other hand, less amount of the soil losses shows that wind erosian at this area is not much important problem now. But, from nowon, same impartant me~sures on the farm must be taken, in order to prevent the erosian probIems in the fature. For example, the system of wind strip cropping must be taken into consideration; the strips should be planned perpendicularly to the dlrection of prevailing wind in regu1ar width. The proper crap rotation systems including legumeı should be appIicated on the strips. Fields should be plowed in clods without turning over the soiI as possible as after critical period (Apri]) and ıain. At the arrangement of the strips, the roads between the pIots should be corrected so that these are perpencıicularly to the wind directian. NormalIy, crop residues must be left on the surface of the fields. Where wind erosian is a severe problem, it is necessary to add extra crop residııes to the fields. Alsa, anather important thing is the fact that the fileds should not be left for fallow in a whole. In fact, the fallows should be thonght in strips applying crop rotation. During the critical period which wind erosion occurs severly, cover crops must be taken into account to pro"tect the surface of the soil on the farın. If the above-mentioned practices should be taken, wind erosion will be controled perfectly, and conscquently, it wiU be possible to produce crops in blalance without causing erosion at the are~ investigated.
Keywords :

ORIGINAL ARTICLE URL